afghanistan, samangan province, top-i-rustam, 2km south of the centre of haibak wooden bridge across chasm leading to buddhist stupa carved out of rock known as top-i-rustam rustams throne an early burial mound that contained relics of the buddha part of a stupa-monastery complex carved from rock dating from the kushano-sasanian period 4th-5th century ad. the stupa is situated above caves where the monks lived.